{"id":3148,"date":"2023-10-29T19:21:01","date_gmt":"2023-10-29T19:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/?page_id=3148"},"modified":"2023-10-29T19:26:39","modified_gmt":"2023-10-29T19:26:39","slug":"babylonia-sp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/babylonia-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"BABYLONIA SP"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3148\" class=\"elementor elementor-3148\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78a821dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78a821dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48d04325\" data-id=\"48d04325\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e16cac7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e16cac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 20-09-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">BABYLONIA SP<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-385c5fba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"385c5fba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-792828ee\" data-id=\"792828ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f03400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78f03400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 20-09-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><b>Name of Fishery<\/b>\u00a0Babylonia Fishery (Gear \u2013Trawl)<\/p><p><b>Target Species<\/b>\u00a0<i>Babylonia<\/i>\u00a0sp.<\/p><p><b>Location<\/b>\u00a0India-South west coast (Kollam)<\/p><p><b>Fishing Area<\/b>\u00a0FAO 51 (Kollam)<\/p><p><b>Fishery History<\/b>\u00a0Around last two decades\u00a0 two species of whelks\u00a0<i>viz.<\/i>,\u00a0<i>Babylonia spirata\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>Babylonia zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>of the family Buccinidae began to be fished and\u00a0exported under the trade name \u2018Baigai\u2019 to China, Singapore, Thailand\u00a0and Europe (MPEDA, 2005). The annual catch of\u00a0<i>Babylonia\u00a0<\/i>spp. In\u00a0Kollam Harbour increased from 188.9 t in 1993 (Appukuttan and Philip,\u00a01994) to 586.5 t in 2002 (Anjana et al. 2012) and to 1508 t in 2016\u00a0(CMFRI, 2017-unpublished).During 1996, there was decline in the\u00a0shrimp landings and increase in export demand for whelk resulted\u00a0 in\u00a0targeted trawling for whelk started as a substitute for shrimp trawling\u00a0\u00a0from the year 1996 onwards, in Quilon (Kerala), India (Sabu et al. 2005)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Stock Biology<\/b>\u00a0Biological Information such as\u00a0dominant size group in fishery,\u00a0Lmax,\u00a0growth, life span, Length at first maturity, sex ratio, spawning season,\u00a0\u00a0etc. are available. Other information such as growth and mortality\u00a0parameters, standing and spawning stock biomass, exploitation ratio,\u00a0CPUE, landings, sampling details are also available for a limited period.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Data on Target\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Species population\u00a0<\/b>Landing data for\u00a0<i>Babylonia<\/i>\u00a0sp. are available from 2001 onwards.\u00a0<b>\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0Fisheries data are collected through CMFRI designed Multi-Stage\u00a0Random Sampling method<b>.\u00a0<\/b>Peak fishing season for both species was\u00a0April -June<b>.\u00a0<\/b>Most of\u00a0the\u00a0<i>B. spirata<\/i>\u00a0fishery (88%) was composed of 30-46\u00a0mm shell length (SL) group.\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>of 46 to 64 mm length\u00a0dominated the fishery (87.2%).\u00a0 Smaller size group in\u00a0<i>B. spirata<\/i>\u00a0(&lt;\u00a030mm) and\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica<\/i>\u00a0(&lt;40 mm) forms up to 10%. The observed Lmax\u00a0of\u00a0<i>B. spirata\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>were 58.9 and 68 mm respectively. Both\u00a0the species appear to grow at fast rate and attains maximum size within\u00a03 years. The life span of\u00a0<i>B. spirata<\/i>\u00a0was calculated as 2.8 years and of\u00a0<i>B.\u00a0<\/i><i>zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>as 2.6 years.\u00a0<i>B. spirata<\/i>\u00a0spawns throughout the year with two\u00a0peak-spawning periods\u00a0<i>viz<\/i>, September to December and February to\u00a0March. Shell height at first maturity was estimated as 32 mm and 36.5\u00a0mm for male and female\u00a0<i>B. spirata<\/i>\u00a0respectively. The sex ratio studies\u00a0showed that females dominated the population of whelk. The mean\u00a0CPUE for whelk ranged from 7 \u2013 9 kg\/h during 2001-2003 (Anjana et al.\u00a02012). The whelk trawl is efficient in obtaining an average CPUE of 400\u00a0kg per day per boat (CMFRI, 2004).<\/p><p>Population parameters and biomass estimated from the fishery of\u00a0<i>B.\u00a0<\/i><i>spirata\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica<\/i>\u00a0during 2001 -2003 are given in Table below.\u00a0\u00a0The exploitation rates of\u00a0<i>B. spirata\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>have reached the\u00a0optimum level and the population is under fishing pressure. However,\u00a0the fishery is able to sustain because both the whelks are having a\u00a0higher growth rate compared to other gastropod species such as the\u00a0sacred chank (<i>Xancus pyrum<\/i>) (Devaraj and Ravichandran, 1988; Lipton\u00a0and Selvakku, 2001)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d20471c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d20471c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b77c34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b77c34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Parameters\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>(2001-03)<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><b><i>B. spirata<\/i><\/b><\/td><td><b><i>B. zeylanica<\/i><\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>L\u221e<\/b><b>\u00a0( mm)<\/b><\/td><td>68.7<\/td><td>76<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>K (y<\/b><b>-1<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/td><td>1.08<\/td><td>1.15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Z (y<\/b><b>-1<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/td><td>6.05<\/td><td>5.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>M (Y<\/b><b>-1<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/td><td>1.61<\/td><td>1.65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>F (Y<\/b><b>-1<\/b><b>)<\/b><\/td><td>4.4<\/td><td>3.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>E<\/b><\/td><td>0.73<\/td><td>0.71<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Emax<\/b><\/td><td>0.73<\/td><td>0.77<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>E0.1<\/b><\/td><td>0.66<\/td><td>0.72<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Spawning stock biomass (t)<\/b><\/td><td>92.9<\/td><td>267.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Standing stock biomass (t)<\/b><\/td><td>216.2<\/td><td>404.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Recruitment numbers\u00a0<\/b><\/td><td>84,565<\/td><td>92, 782<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d9bd0e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d9bd0e3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a5e3388\" data-id=\"a5e3388\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f68402 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f68402\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>F<\/b><b>ishing Activities<\/b>\u00a0Babylonia sp was caught in all the months except during July when there\u00a0is a regulatory ban on trawling. Whelk is obtained as bycatch from\u00a0shrimp trawling in all seasons except April-June when it is targeted\u00a0(Sabu et al. 2005). April \u2013June is the peak season for whelk fishery.\u00a0During the peak season, modified shrimp traw net i.e whelk trawl is\u00a0operated. Though the fishery of\u00a0<i>Babylonia<\/i>\u00a0sp. started as a trawl\u00a0bycatch (Appukuttan and\u00a0 Philip, 1994), it gradually developed as a\u00a0resource worth fishing exclusively with suitable\u00a0 modifications made in\u00a0the trawl gear (Sabu\u00a0<i>et\u00a0<\/i><i>al<\/i>., 2005). During the peak whelk fishing season\u00a0(April-June), modified trawl nets (&gt; 40 boats) with additional weight\u00a0in the foot rope and 40\u00a0mm cod-end mesh size\u00a0are used. The fishing\u00a0starts in the early morning for\u00a0<i>B. spirata<\/i>, while\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>is fished\u00a0during night hours. Hauling is done 5 to 6 times a day depending on the\u00a0catch. Each haul takes about 15 to 30 min.<\/p><p>Probability of capture, L25, L50 and L75 in the trawl net during 2001-\u00a02003 estimated were 33.06, 35.2 and 37.09 mm respectively for\u00a0<i>B.\u00a0<\/i><i>spirata and<\/i>\u00a0corresponding values 39.74, 41.7 and 43.52 mm for\u00a0<i>B.\u00a0<\/i><i>zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>respectively (Anjana et al. 2012)<i>.<\/i>\u00a0The Lopt estimated for\u00a0<i>B.\u00a0<\/i><i>spirata\u00a0<\/i>and<i>\u00a0B. zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>was 40 mm and 44 mm respectively. Typical\u00a0whelk trawl is a two seam trawl with a head rope length of 24 m and\u00a0longitudinal length of over 27.4 m. Whelk trawling is conducted by\u00a0medium size trawlers of 13.64 to 16.67 m LOA and larger trawlers of &gt;\u00a016.67 to 18.27 m LOA (Sabu et al. 2005)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Volume caught<\/b><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Ecosystem Impacts\u00a0<\/b>The sedentary lifestyle of\u00a0<i>Babylon<\/i>\u00a0sp.\u00a0 makes them vulnerable to\u00a0overfishing and may require a novel management approach in future.\u00a0Any fishing gear that is towed over the seabed will disturb the sediment\u00a0and the resident community to some degree. The intensity of this\u00a0disturbance is very much depended on the details of the gear and the\u00a0sediment type (Hall, 2000). Physical disturbance leads to community\u00a0changes in the benthos (Ball et al., 2000). The whelk trawl is a heavily\u00a0rigged gear with 45-55 kg of lead in the footrope. Its operation may\u00a0cause negative ecological impact on the benthic community, of both\u00a0direct and indirect nature, due to ploughing effects on the sea bottom.\u00a0Hence, the operation of this gear in the traditional fishing grounds may\u00a0need to be restricted. There is no ETP species encountered during the\u00a0fishery.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Threats to<\/b><\/p><p><b>\u00a0Sustainability \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/b>During 2001-2003, the Z and F values were higher for\u00a0<i>B. spirata\u00a0<\/i>than\u00a0that of\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica<\/i>. The present rate of exploitation of<i>\u00a0B. spirata\u00a0<\/i>was\u00a0the same as the optimum exploitation rate whereas for\u00a0<i>B. zeylanica\u00a0<\/i>the\u00a0present exploitation rate was a little less than the optimum. The faster\u00a0growth\u00a0rate, fast population turn-over ratio, continuous breeding\u00a0behaviour, short life span, three months targeted fishing and partial\u00a0harvest for the\u00a0rest of the year of the species explain the sustainable\u00a0fishery of the whelks is under a higher exploitation rate. Moreover, the\u00a0undersized whelks are not exploited, since the presence of younger\u00a0ones was negligible in the commercial fishery. Hence, the present state\u00a0of fishing is not leading to a stock depletion of whelk population in\u00a0south-eastern Arabian Sea (Anjana, et al. 2012). Maintaining adequate\u00a0spawning stock and preventing recruitment overfishing should be the\u00a0chief goals of fisheries management to ensure the future productivity of\u00a0the stock and therefore no further increase in effort is recommended.\u00a0Babylonia spp contributed 55.5% of the total gastropod by catch in\u00a0shrimp trawlers off Quilon in 1993-94 (Sabu et al. 2005). Other by catch\u00a0includes gastropods, flat fishes, dead shells (Sabu et al.2005)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Fishers<\/b><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Management\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Agencies\u00a0<\/b>CMFRI and State Fisheries Department\u00a0play an important role in\u00a0restricting landing of undersized whelk through mesh size regulation by\u00a0stage fisheries polices. Scientific advices are provided by CMFRI.\u00a0 Apart\u00a0from these, there are no species specific management agencies to\u00a0monitor this resource.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Management<\/b>\u00a0KMFR Act<\/p><p><b>Regime<\/b><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Management<\/b><\/p><p><b>Compliance<\/b>\u00a0Yes fishers comply with management regime if\u00a0 it is applied through\u00a0their concurrence and knowledge.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Community\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Participation in\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Management<\/b>\u00a0Community is not involved in the management of the fishery.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Processing and\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Marketing<\/b>\u00a0The whelk resources have high demand in the international market\u00a0(CMFRI, 2004). In India, they are utilized as food, lime shell and for\u00a0ornamental purposes. Whelk meat is being exported to Southeast Asian\u00a0countries, Australia, France and China in frozen condition since 1997\u00a0and export to live whelk to Thailand and Hong Kong from 2001 onwards\u00a0(Sabu et al. 2005). During 2001-02, India exported 16 t of live whelks\u00a0valued at Rs. 0.88 million. Operculum of whelks is exported under the\u00a0trade name \u2018fish nail\u2019 for pharmaceutical purposes (Selvarani, 2001;\u00a0MPEDA, 2004).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Interest in Certification<\/b>\u00a0Fishery interest in certification will be decided based on stake holder\u00a0meeting shortly<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Stake holders<\/b>\u00a0Key stakeholders\u00a0are fishers, buyers and processors\/exporters<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Issues Requiring\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Special Attention<\/b><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Additional\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Comments<\/b><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>References<\/b><\/p><p>Anjana, M., Kripa, V. and Mohamed, K. S. 2012. Stock assessment and management options for whelks\u00a0along south-eastern Arabian Sea.\u00a0<i>Indian J. Fish.,\u00a0<\/i>59(3): 69-76.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Appukuttan, K. K. and Philip, M. B. 1994. Gastropods \u2013 an emerging resource in the bycatch of shrimp\u00a0trawlers at Sakthikulangara- Neendakara area.\u00a0<i>Seafood Export J.,\u00a0<\/i>25 (21): 5\u201317.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ball, B., Munday, B., Tuck, I., 2000.\u00a0 Effects of otter trawling on the benthos and environment in muddy\u00a0sediments. In: Kaiser, K.J., De Groot, S.J. (Eds.).\u00a0<i>The Effect of Fishing on Non-target species and\u00a0<\/i><i>Habitats<\/i>, Blackwell Science, Japan. 69 \u2013 81.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>CMFRI, 2004. Annual Report 2003-2004, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin. 140.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Devaraj, M. and Ravichandran, V. 1988. Dynamics of Indian chank fisheries.\u00a0<i>Bull. Cent. Mar. Fish. Res.\u00a0<\/i><i>Inst.<\/i>, 42(1): 100\u2013105.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Hall, S. J. 2000.\u00a0<i>The Effect of Fishing on Marine Ecosystems and Communities<\/i>, Blackwell Science, Japan.\u00a0274.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Lipton, A. P. and Selvakku, M. 2001. Tagging and recapture experiments in the Indian sacred chank,\u00a0<i>Turbinella pyrum\u00a0<\/i>along the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, India.\u00a0<i>Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Spl.\u00a0<\/i><i>Publ<\/i>., 25(1): 51-55.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>MPEDA, 2004. Marine Products Export Review 2001-2002. Marine Products Export Development\u00a0Authority, Cochin. 185.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>MPEDA, 2005.\u00a0<i>Statistics of Marine Product Exports \u2013 2005<\/i>. MPEDA, Ministry of Commerce and Industry,\u00a0Govt. of India, 670 pp.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Sabu, S., Gibinkumar, T. R., Pravin P. and Boopendranath, M. R. 2005. Trawl for whelk (<i>Babylonia\u00a0<\/i>spp.)\u00a0fishing, off Quilon, Kerala, India.\u00a0<i>Proceedings of the International symposium on \u201cImproved\u00a0<\/i><i>sustainability of fish production systems and appropriate technologies for utilisation\u201d,\u00a0<\/i>6-18\u00a0March, 2005, Cochin, p. 496-501.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Selvarani, J. 2001. Whelk processing industry at Thirespuram- Tuticorin.\u00a0<i>Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv. T&amp;E Ser<\/i>.,\u00a0167: 11\u201312.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>CMFRI, (2017) (unpublished). Annual Report 2016-17. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute,\u00a0Cochin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BABYLONIA SP Name of Fishery\u00a0Babylonia Fishery (Gear \u2013Trawl) Target Species\u00a0Babylonia\u00a0sp. Location\u00a0India-South west coast (Kollam) Fishing Area\u00a0FAO 51 (Kollam) Fishery History\u00a0Around last two decades\u00a0 two species of whelks\u00a0viz.,\u00a0Babylonia spirata\u00a0and\u00a0Babylonia zeylanica\u00a0of the family Buccinidae began to be fished and\u00a0exported under the trade name \u2018Baigai\u2019 to China, Singapore, Thailand\u00a0and Europe (MPEDA, 2005). The annual catch of\u00a0Babylonia\u00a0spp. In\u00a0Kollam Harbour &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/babylonia-sp\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">BABYLONIA SP<\/span> Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3148"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3166,"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3148\/revisions\/3166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssni.co.in\/Sustainability\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}